Modern History - All lessons

1. Causes of Conflict

   • The first Anglo-Maratha War was primarily sparked by the British's increasing intervention in Maratha internal and external affairs.
   • The rivalry for power between Madhav Rao and Raghunath Rao added to the tension that led to the conflict.

2. Leadership Struggles

   • When Peshwa Madhav Rao passed away, his younger brother Narain Rao succeeded him as Peshwa, despite Raghunath Rao's strong desire for the position.

3. Raghunath Rao's Bargain

   • In exchange for the coveted position of Peshwa, Raghunath Rao sought assistance from the English and offered Salsette and Bessien, along with income from the Surat and Bharuch provinces.

4. British Support

   • The British extended their support to Raghunath Rao, providing him with 2,500 troops to further his claim to the Peshwa's title.

5. Conflict and Defeat

   • The Peshwa's forces faced invasion and defeat at the hands of the combined British and Raghunath Rao's troops.

6. Pact of Surat

   • The Pact of Surat was signed on March 6, 1775, but it faced disapproval from the British Calcutta Council.
   • Colonel Upton reneged on Raghunath's sovereignty and promised only a pension, revoking the contract in Pune.

7. Shelter for Raghunath Rao

   • Raghunath Rao was given shelter, despite the Bombay administration's refusal to do so.

8. French Port Authorization

   • Nana Phadnis granted the French a port on the west coast in 1777, violating the agreement with the Calcutta Council.

9. Battle of Wadgaon

   • The breach of the agreement led to conflict between British and Maratha forces at Wadgaon, just outside Pune.

Outcome of the First Anglo-Maratha War

10. Territorial Changes

    • The East India Company gained control of Salsette and Bessien.

11. Deccan Holdings

    • The Marathas pledged to regain their Deccan holdings from Hyder Ali of Mysore.

12. French Prohibition

    • An agreement was reached, preventing the Marathas from ceding any further territories to the French.

13. Raghunath Rao's Pension

    • Raghunath Rao was promised an annual pension of Rs. 3 lakh.

14. Purandar Treaty

    • Following the Purandar Treaty, the British returned all forcibly taken territories to the Marathas.

15. Recognition of Peshwa

    • Madhavrao II, Narayanrao's son, was officially recognized as the Peshwa by the English, bringing a resolution to the conflict.