Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Taekwondo is a form of empty hand martial arts combat that requires the athlete to use all parts of the body in competition. Taekwondo is a self-defence discipline; the name is derived from the Korean words ‘tae’, meaning kick, ‘kwon’, a punch or other blow with the hand or fist, and ‘do’, which is a way or method of operation. Among the general public, taekwondo is distinguished from other martial arts by its high speed, sweeping kicks and emphatic punches. As with judo, taekwondo was developed as a sport that is also representative of a moral code, where principles of loyalty, faithfulness, respect, and the preservation of an indomitable spirit form a significant part of taekwondo training. Beginning in 1945, shortly after the end of World War II and Japanese Occupation, new martial arts schools called kwans opened in Seoul. These schools were established by Korean martial artists with backgrounds in Japanese and Chinese martial arts. At the time, indigenous disciplines (such as Taekkyeon) were being forgotten, due to years of decline and repression by the Japanese colonial government. The umbrella term traditional Taekwondo typically refers to the martial arts practiced by the kwans during the 1940s and 1950s, though in reality the term ‘Taekwondo’ had not yet been coined at that time, and indeed each kwan (school) was practicing its own unique style of the Korean art.