Directions for the following 8 (eight) items: Read the Following eight passages and answer the items that follow the passages. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.

Passage-3

During the summer in the Arctic Ocean, sea ice has been melting earlier and faster, and the winter freeze has been coming later. In the last three decades, the extent of summer ice has declined by about 30 per cent. The lengthening period of summer melt threatens to undermine the whole Arctic food web, atop which stand polar bears.